The Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic, Methanolic, Ethyl Acetate, and Aqueous Extracts of the Endemic Species, Lavandula mairei Humbert (A Comparative Study between Cold and Hot Extraction)

BACKGROUND: Medicinal plants have been used for therapeutic purposes and have shown important biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the antioxidant activities, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents of Lavandula mairei Humbert. The ethanol, methanol, ethyl-acetate, and water extracts were used for this purpose. METHODS: The antioxidant activities were assessed in vitro by free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined spectrophotometrically with gallic acid and Quercetin as standards. RESULTS: In either Soxhlet or maceration methods, the flavonoids and the total phenolic contents were significantly higher in the methanolic extract (P<0.05) compared to other extracts. The total flavonoid content of L. mairei ranged between 119 and 224.6 mg QE/g DW for Soxhlet extracts and from 111.8 to 148.51 mg QE/g DW for maceration extracts. While the total phenolic content was between 35.12 and 99.37 mg GAE/g DW for Soxhlet extracts and 27.63 to 58.99 mg GAE/g DW for maceration extracts. In either the Soxhlet or maceration method, the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was obtained using the ethanolic extract, while the aqueous extract had the highest antioxidant activity for DPPH and FRAP assays. CONCLUSION: These results showed that Lavandula mairei Humbert has great potential to be a promising candidate for natural plant sources of antioxidants

Key technologies for safe and autonomous drones

Drones/UAVs are able to perform air operations that are very difficult to be performed by manned aircrafts. In addition, drones' usage brings significant economic savings and environmental benefits, while reducing risks to human life. In this paper, we present key technologies that enable development of drone systems. The technologies are identified based on the usages of drones (driven by COMP4DRONES project use cases). These technologies are grouped into four categories: U-space capabilities, system functions, payloads, and tools. Also, we present the contributions of the COMP4DRONES project to improve existing technologies. These contributions aim to ease drones’ customization, and enable their safe operation.This project has received funding from the ECSEL Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 826610. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and Spain, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands. The total project budget is 28,590,748.75 EUR (excluding ESIF partners), while the requested grant is 7,983,731.61 EUR to ECSEL JU, and 8,874,523.84 EUR of National and ESIF Funding. The project has been started on 1st October 2019

Model-based Framework for Using Advanced Scheduling Theory in Real-Time Systems Design

Les systèmes embarqués temps réel nécessitent une analyse temporelle pour valider leur comportement temporel.Afin de réduire le coût de développement, l’analyse doit être effectuée à une phase précoce au moment de la modélisationpour détecter les anomalies de conception. L’analyse d’ordonnançabilité est une des analyses temporelles qui permettentde s’assurer du bon fonctionnement du système conçu. Elle est issue de la théorie de l’ordonnancement temps réel.Plusieurs méthodes et tests analytiques ont été proposés par la communauté académique mais peu sont les tests adoptéspar les industriels. En effet, l’utilisation des tests d’analyse exige une large connaissance des travaux de recherches - misà jour régulièrement - afin de choisir la méthode la plus adaptée aux systèmes conçus pour les valider ou les dimensionnerpour le cas des systèmes qui sont en cours de conception.Cette thèse s’intéresse à cette utilisation minimaliste de la théorie de l’ordonnancement dans l’industrie, et propose dessolutions d’aide à la décision basées sur l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles. Nos solutions visent à augmenter l’applicabilitéde la théorie de l’ordonnancement, à faciliter le choix des tests appropriés et à réduire le surdimensionnement qui peutêtre généré au moment de la conception. Ces solutions sont implémentées dans un Framework appelé MoSaRT offrantdes fonctionnalités pour les concepteurs (modeleurs et analystes) afin d’améliorer le processus de conception des systèmestemps réel en vue de leur ordonnançabilité.Real-time embedded systems need to be analyzed at an early stage in order to detect temporal vulnerabilities. Indeed,software development costs are sharply impacted by wrong design choices made in the early stages of development, inparticular during the design phase, but often detected after the implementation. The schedulability analysis is one of themain analyses required to ensure the timing correctness of a real-time system. Indeed, the real-time scheduling theoryhas been devoted to propose different models providing several levels of expressiveness, and different analytical methodswith different levels of accuracy. The utilization of the real-time scheduling theory in practical cases could be profitable.Unfortunately, it is not sufficiently applied and research results have been exploited in an industrial context only to amodest extent to date. Actually, a difficulty faced by the real-time designers is to find the appropriate analysis testshelping to validate properly the system and also to reduce the over-dimensioning. This thesis is interested in the chasmexisting between real-time design community and real-time analysis community. The purpose of our work is to fill thegap between the modeling of real-time systems and the scheduling analysis. Then, we propose a decision aiding solutionbased on model-driven engineering. Our solution is dedicated (i) to increase the usage of the real-time scheduling theory,(ii) to facilitate the scheduling analysis tests choice and (iii) to reduce the pessimism during the design phase of real-timesystems.Our proposal is embodied as a framework unifying the designers and analysts efforts. The framework called MoSaRToffers a design language very close to the taxonomy of real-time scheduling theory. Moreover, MoSaRT provides ananalysis repository concept to enhance the applicability of the scheduling theory and also to improve the way designerscheck their designs

Cadre fondé sur les modèles pour une utilisation avancée de la théorie de l’ordonnancement dans la conception des systèmes temps réel

Real-time embedded systems need to be analyzed at an early stage in order to detect temporal vulnerabilities. Indeed,software development costs are sharply impacted by wrong design choices made in the early stages of development, inparticular during the design phase, but often detected after the implementation. The schedulability analysis is one of themain analyses required to ensure the timing correctness of a real-time system. Indeed, the real-time scheduling theoryhas been devoted to propose different models providing several levels of expressiveness, and different analytical methodswith different levels of accuracy. The utilization of the real-time scheduling theory in practical cases could be profitable.Unfortunately, it is not sufficiently applied and research results have been exploited in an industrial context only to amodest extent to date. Actually, a difficulty faced by the real-time designers is to find the appropriate analysis testshelping to validate properly the system and also to reduce the over-dimensioning. This thesis is interested in the chasmexisting between real-time design community and real-time analysis community. The purpose of our work is to fill thegap between the modeling of real-time systems and the scheduling analysis. Then, we propose a decision aiding solutionbased on model-driven engineering. Our solution is dedicated (i) to increase the usage of the real-time scheduling theory,(ii) to facilitate the scheduling analysis tests choice and (iii) to reduce the pessimism during the design phase of real-timesystems.Our proposal is embodied as a framework unifying the designers and analysts efforts. The framework called MoSaRToffers a design language very close to the taxonomy of real-time scheduling theory. Moreover, MoSaRT provides ananalysis repository concept to enhance the applicability of the scheduling theory and also to improve the way designerscheck their designs.Les systèmes embarqués temps réel nécessitent une analyse temporelle pour valider leur comportement temporel.Afin de réduire le coût de développement, l’analyse doit être effectuée à une phase précoce au moment de la modélisationpour détecter les anomalies de conception. L’analyse d’ordonnançabilité est une des analyses temporelles qui permettentde s’assurer du bon fonctionnement du système conçu. Elle est issue de la théorie de l’ordonnancement temps réel.Plusieurs méthodes et tests analytiques ont été proposés par la communauté académique mais peu sont les tests adoptéspar les industriels. En effet, l’utilisation des tests d’analyse exige une large connaissance des travaux de recherches - misà jour régulièrement - afin de choisir la méthode la plus adaptée aux systèmes conçus pour les valider ou les dimensionnerpour le cas des systèmes qui sont en cours de conception.Cette thèse s’intéresse à cette utilisation minimaliste de la théorie de l’ordonnancement dans l’industrie, et propose dessolutions d’aide à la décision basées sur l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles. Nos solutions visent à augmenter l’applicabilitéde la théorie de l’ordonnancement, à faciliter le choix des tests appropriés et à réduire le surdimensionnement qui peutêtre généré au moment de la conception. Ces solutions sont implémentées dans un Framework appelé MoSaRT offrantdes fonctionnalités pour les concepteurs (modeleurs et analystes) afin d’améliorer le processus de conception des systèmestemps réel en vue de leur ordonnançabilité

Model and Data Engineering - 7th International Conference, MEDI 2017, Proceedings

International audienc

Introduction aux systèmes embarqués temps réel : Conception et mise en oeuvre

Un système embarqué est un dispositif électronique autonome dédié à une tâche précise (surveillance, contrôle, communication...) dont les domaines d'utilisation vont de l'automobile au multimédia, en passant par le secteur médical. Cet ouvrage présente dans une première partie tous les concepts nécessaires à la compréhension des systèmes embarqués : programmation séquentielle, interruptions matérielles, programmation cyclique, conception multitâches, langages de spécifications, validation temporelle… Dans une seconde partie, les auteurs proposent des études de cas concrets et introduisent les apports de l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles (Model2Text et Model2Model)

Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS 2018)

International audienc

Framework of Key Enabling Technologies for Safe and Autonomous Drones'Applications

International audienc